Index
A-theory of time, §6.3.2, §7.2.1, §7.2.2; see also B-theory of time; Presentism
Abduction, §8.4.1, §8.4.3, §8.4.4
Absence of X, §2.8
Abstractism (about possible worlds), §2.1.5
Absurdism, §8.8, §8.8.1, §8.8.5
Actor-network theory, §8.11.1
Actuality, §1.2, Glossary
Actus essendi, §6.2.1
Actus purus, §6.3.1, §6.7.1, §8.9.1, §8.9.5
Adams, Marilyn McCord, E.1.5 Soul-Making Theodicy; E.1.6 Defeat of Horrendous Evil. Philosopher of religion; horrendous evils, defeat, and God. Distinct from Robert Merrihew Adams.
Adams, Robert Merrihew, §2.4.7, §4.3.12
Adamson, Peter, §6 Relocating Greatness; §5.1.3; §6.3.1. Peter Adamson on Avicenna and the Islamic philosophical tradition, including the necessary-existent framework.
Adorno, Theodor, §8.13.1, §8.13.5
Aesthetic experience, §8.13.1
Aeviternus, §6.3.2
Agape and eros, §6.8.2, §6.9.1
Agency, see Causality (divine); Will (first-person)
Agency detection, §8.14, §8.14.5
Agent causation, §8.9.1
Agriculture, §9.6, §9.6.1–§9.6.5
Aharonov–Bohm effect, §7.3.4, §7.5.2
AI-generated art, §8.13.1, §8.13.5
Al-Ghazali, §5, §6, §6.7.1
Allison, Dale C., §6.8.4 Revelation; Resurrection Excursus; E.5.4 Final Judgment. Dale Allison on memory- and expectation-shaped resurrection reports and an apocalyptic-Jesus reading.
Allport, Gordon W., §9.2 Belonging; §9.2.2 What is Required; §9.2.4 What is Confirmed. Social psychologist; contact hypothesis and the conditions under which intergroup contact reduces prejudice.
Alston, William, §8.14, §8.14.1
Analogy of being, §6.8.3
Analytic / synthetic distinction, §1.1, §2.4.2
Anderson, Elizabeth, §9.1, §9.4, §9.6, §9.7, §9.10, §9.11, §9.12, §9.13, §9.15
Animal communication, §8.10, §8.10.1, §8.10.4
Animal tool use, §8.11, §8.11.4
Animalism, §8.5.1
Anselm, §6.1, §6.7.3, §6.8.3, §6.9.2, §8.14.5
anthropopathism, §6.7.3
Apel, Karl-Otto, §2.2 Cartesian Certainty. Karl-Otto Apel on discourse ethics and the a priori presuppositions of the communication community.
Appraisal theory, §8.2.1
Aquinas, Thomas, §2.8.4, §5, §5.2.1, §5.1.3, §4.2.9, §6.2.1, §6.3.1, §6.4.2, §6.7.1, §6.7.3, §6.8.3, §6.8.4, §6.9.2, §6.2.2, §6.6, §8.3.5, §8.6.5, §8.9.1, §8.14.5, Excursus E.5.1, Excursus E.4.1
Argument from contingency, §5.1.1, §4.1.3; see also Contingency; PSR (Principle of Sufficient Reason); Rasmussen
Argument from Logical Laws, §5.1.9
Aristotle, §2.6.11, §4.2.2, §4.2.4, §6.4.1, §6.7.2, §6.8.4, §6.9.2, §6.5.2, §7.4.2, §8.2.4, §8.4, §8.4.1, §8.8.3, §8.9.1, §8.9.5, §8.12.1
Arminianism, §6.7.4
Arminius, Jacobus, §6.7.4
Armstrong, David M., §4.4.1 Modal Realism; §4.4.4 Modal Fictionalism. David Armstrong’s combinatorialism, universals, laws, and states-of-affairs metaphysics.
Art, §8.13
Asad, Talal, §8.14.1
Aseity Forfeiture, §6.1, §6.10, Appendix B item 18, Glossary Result
Aspatial existence (¬S), §6.1, §6.8.1, §6.10, Appendix B item 15; see also Atemporality (¬T); Immateriality (¬Φ); Supernatural Preclusion; Space
Atemporality (¬T), §6.1, §6.3.2, §6.4.2, §6.10, Appendix B item 15; see also Aspatial existence (¬S); Immateriality (¬Φ); Supernatural Preclusion; Time
Atran, Scott, §8.14.1, §8.14.5
Augustine, §5.2.1, §6.3.2, §6.7.3, §6.9.2, §8.6.5, §8.8.1, §8.9.1, §9.2.1
Austin, J. L., §8.10.5
Autonomy of technique, §8.11.1
Awareness (divine), §6.4.1
B-theory of time, §6.3.2, §7.2.1, §7.2.2; see also A-theory of time; Block universe; Eternalism
Bacterial cognition, §7.8, Appendix D
Badness of death, §8.7.1, §8.7.3, §8.7.5
Bagdikian, Ben H., §9.4.2 Information required. Bagdikian on media-ownership concentration and the contraction of narrative diversity under concentrated control.
Bañezian physical premotion, §6.7.4
Barrett, Justin, §8.14, §8.14.1, §8.14.5
Barthian Christological election, §6.7.4
Basic emotion theory, §8.2.1
Bayesian epistemology, §8.4.1
Beatitude (divine), §6.5.2
Beaudoin, John, §4.2.9
Beauvoir, §8.7.1, §8.8, §8.8.1
Becker, Ernest, §8.7, §8.7.1, §8.7.4, §8.7.5
Befindlichkeit, §8.2.4
Beitz, Charles R., §9.11 Defense. Charles Beitz on international political theory and political equality in the cosmopolitan-international-justice tradition.
Bell inequality, §4.3.8, §7.4.4, Appendix D
Bell, Clive, §8.13.1
Belonging, §9.2, §9.2.1–§9.2.5
Benardete paradoxes, §5.1.2 Cosmological Argument; §7.6 Singularity. Paradox family involving a beginningless staggered set whose members act only if no earlier member has; the Grim Reaper is its best-known form. See also Grim Reaper.
Benatar, David, §8.6, §8.6.1, §8.8.1, §9.14
Benevolence (divine), §6.9.1, Appendix B item 17, Appendix D, Glossary; see also Inversion
Benjamin, Walter, §8.13.1
Benkler, Yochai, §9.2, §9.2.1, §9.2.3, §9.2.4, §9.2.5, §9.4, §9.4.1, §9.4.3, §9.4.4, §9.4.5
Bergmann, Michael, E.1.2 Skeptical Theism. Michael Bergmann’s epistemology of skeptical theism and its attempted quarantine from ordinary moral practice.
Berkeley, George, §4.3.5 Idealism; §6.1 Greatness. Early modern philosopher; Berkeleyan idealism and immaterialism (esse est percipi).
Berlin, Isaiah, §9.1.1 What is Disputed. Political theorist; negative liberty and the negative-rights register in the rights debate.
Best possible world, §4.4.9, §6.7.2; see also Buridan’s ass; Leibniz
Bird, Alexander, §8.3 Knowledge. Alexander Bird on social knowledge and distributed epistemic holdings; used in the Modal Convergence discussion.
Block, Ned, §4.1.2 Two-Dimensional Semantics. Ned Block on conceptual-role semantics and the access-versus-phenomenal consciousness distinction.
Boltzmann brains, §2.2.2 Actuality’s Reach; §7.6.4 Confirmation. Boltzmann-brain fluctuation scenario; even a fleeting observer must instantiate T, S, and Φ.
Bourdieu, Pierre, §9.9.1 Education disputed. Pierre Bourdieu and Passeron on cultural-capital reproduction and credentialing as class-hierarchy reproduction.
Bratman, Michael E., Ch. 8 Expanding the Field. Michael Bratman on intention, plans, and shared agency in the chapter’s account of will and collective action.
Brennan, Jason, §9.3 Representation. Jason Brennan’s epistocratic critique of democracy; the framework distinguishes direction-recognition from policy-means competence.
Brentano, Franz, §6.4.1 Awareness. Franz Brentano’s intentionality tradition: self-relating awareness and the mark of the mental.
Buchanan, James M., §9.7 Economy. James M. Buchanan on public-choice theory and constitutional political economy; distinct from Allen Buchanan.
Bénard cells, §7.8, Appendix D
Bilateral Self-Sustenance of Modal Structure, §2.1.3, §2.1.5, §2.1.6, Appendix D, Glossary Lemma 1
Bilateral Symmetry, §6.1, Appendix B item 16, Glossary Principles
Black, Max, §4.3.12
Blackburn, Simon, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Block universe, §4.2.6, §7.2.1, §7.2.2, §7.5.1; see also Eternalism; B-theory of time
Boethius, §4.2.1, §6.3.2, §6.4.2, §6.7.2, §6.7.3
Borde–Guth–Vilenkin theorem, §7.6, §7.7
Borgmann, Albert, §8.11.1
Bostrom, Nick, §2.2.2, §4.3.5, §8.11.1
Bouncing cosmology, §7.7, Appendix D
Bounded rationality, §8.4.1
Boyd, Richard, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Boyer, Pascal, §8.14, §8.14.1, §8.14.5
Brandom, Robert, §4.4.5, §8.10.1, §8.10.5
Brink, David, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Bundle Theory, §4.3.10, §7.4.2
Buridan’s ass, §6.7.2; see also Best possible world
Burke, Edmund, §8.13
Butler, Judith, §8.6.1, §8.6.5
Cajetan, Thomas de Vio, §6.3.4, §6.8.3, Glossary
Callender, Craig, §1.4.1, §7.2.3
Calvin, John, §6.7.4, §6.8.4, Excursus E.2.4
Cambridge change, §6.3.3
Cantorian argument against omniscience, §6.4.2; see also Grim, Patrick; Omniscience (divine)
Capabilities approach, §9.1, §9.10, §9.15; see also Nussbaum; Sen
Caplan, Bryan, §9.3 Representation. Bryan Caplan’s voter-irrationality critique in The Myth of the Rational Voter, engaged in the epistocracy discussion.
Care ethics, §8.12.1
Carnap, Rudolf, §2.10.2 Stratified Architecture. Rudolf Carnap and logical positivism on metaphysics; the book preserves disciplinary rigor while locating metaphysics at the root layer.
Carroll, Sean, §7.6.4 Confirmation; §2.2.2 Actuality’s Reach. Sean Carroll on the arrow of time, Boltzmann brains, naturalism, and cosmological fine-tuning.
Cartesian Certainty, §2.2; see also Cogito ergo muto
Cartwright, Nancy, §2.8.1 Laws as Constitutive. Nancy Cartwright’s dappled-world account: local capacities in nomological machines still require T, S, and Φ.
Causal finitism, §5.1.2 Cosmological Argument; §7.6 Singularity. Thesis that infinite causal histories are impossible; the book grants its possible force while denying that it establishes the Kalām’s external-cause conclusion.
Causality (divine), §6.7.2
Causation, §1.3, §1.5.6, §5, §7.4, Glossary
Cave, allegory of the (Plato), §2.4.1 Constituting Modal Structure. Plato’s cave inverted: correction is fuller grasp of the one T–S–Φ Reality, not ascent to an exterior realm.
Chalmers, David, §1.2.1, §2, §3.3.4, §4.1.2, §4.1.8, §4.3.1, §4.3.3, §4.3.2, §4.3.4, §6.4.1, §8.2, §8.3, §8.3.1, §8.3.5, §8.10.5, §8.11, §8.11.5; see also Hard Problem of Consciousness; Russellian Monism
Change, §1.3, §2.1.3, §2.3, §2.4.6, §2.6.6, Glossary
Chinese Room argument, §8.10.1, §8.10.5; see also Searle
Chomsky, Noam, §8.10, §8.10.1, §8.10.4, §8.10.5
Churchland, Paul, §4.3.2, §8.1.1, §8.4.1
Clark, Andy, §8.11, §8.11.5; see also Extended mind
Classical God, §6.1, §6.10, Appendix B items 16–20, Glossary; see also Maximally Great Being (MGB); God-Precluded
Classical theism, §8.14.5
Closed Recursive Self-Production, §7.8, Glossary
Co-instantiation Result, see Mutual Containment Result
Coase, Ronald H., §9.5.3 Environment predicted. Ronald Coase on social cost, transaction costs, and externalities; engaged alongside free-market environmentalism.
Coates, Ta-Nehisi, §9.13 Justice. Ta-Nehisi Coates’s reparations argument, especially redlining’s compounding deprivation in the reparative-justice discussion.
Cobb, John B., Jr., §4.4.8 Whiteheadian Process Metaphysics; §6 Relocating Greatness. John B. Cobb Jr. on process theology and the Whiteheadian inheritance account.
Cogito ergo muto, §2.2.1, §2.8.2
Cognitive science of religion, §8.14.1, §8.14.4, §8.14.5; see also Agency detection
Cohen, Joshua, §9.3 Representation; §9.3.2 Required. Joshua Cohen on deliberative democracy and equal recognition in representation.
Collingwood, R. G., §8.13.1
Combinatorialism, §4.4.3
Comparative thanatology, §8.7, §8.7.1, §8.7.4
Compatibilism, §6.7.2, §6.7.4, §8.9.1, §8.9.5
Compositionality, §8.10.2, §8.10.5
Conatus, §7.1, §8.1, §8.1.1, §8.8.3, §8.12.3
Conceivability, §1.1, §3.3.4, §4.1.2; see also Possibility
Concept-Essence Identity, §2.6.6, §6.2.1, Glossary Named Results
Concurrence (divine), §6.7.1, §6.7.4
Concurrentism, §4.2.9
Condition-Individuation, §2.6.11
Conditioned-Nature, §2.6.12, Glossary Named Results; see also Nature of Necessity
Consciousness, §7.8, §4.3, §6.4.1, Glossary; see also Reflexive awareness
Consequentialism, §8.12.1
Conservation laws, §7.4.3, §7.5.3
Constitution, §1.5.2, Glossary
Constitutive Grounding Non-Propagation, §4.4.9
Constitutive Instantiation, §2.6.7, §2.2.2
Constructionism (emotion), §8.2.1
Content externalism, §4.1.1, §8.3; see also Swampman
Contingency, §1.2, Glossary; see also Argument from contingency
Contractualism, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Convergence of the Twelve Domains, §9.14
Convergence Shows, What the, §3.5
Convergent Individualism, §9
Convergent Sustenance, §9; see also Convergence of the Twelve Domains
Cosmic History, §7.7, §7.7.1–§7.7.5
Cosmic microwave background (CMB), §7.7, Appendix D
Cosmopsychism, §4.3.4, §8
Craig, William Lane, §5.1.2, §6.3.2, §6.4.2, §7.6, §7.6.1, §7.6.5, §8.8, §8.8.1, §8.8.5; see also Kalām Cosmological Argument
Creatio ex nihilo, §6.3.3, §6.7.1
Crisp, Oliver D., §6.7.3 Interaction and related atonement sections. Oliver Crisp on incarnation and atonement in the two-natures discussion.
Critical theory, §8.13.1
Cumulative culture, §8.11, §8.11.2, §8.11.4
Cycle, §7.6, §7.6.1–§7.6.5, §2.3, §2.8, Appendix B item 22, Glossary
Cyclic cosmology, see Cycle
cyclist, mathematical, see mathematical cyclist
Dainton, Barry, §4.2.2 Shoemaker’s Time Without Change. Barry Dainton on time, consciousness, and the stream of experience in the time-without-change survey.
Damasio, Antonio, §8.2, §8.2.1, §8.2.2, §8.2.4, §8.3, §8.5.4, §8.9.4
Daniels, Norman, §9.10 Healthcare. Norman Daniels on just healthcare, just health, and the normal-opportunity-range argument.
Danto, Arthur, §8.13.1, §8.13.5
Dasgupta, Shamik, §2.4.7, §4.3.12
Davidson, Donald, §8.3, §8.9.1, §8.9.5, §8.10, §8.10.1, §8.10.2, §8.10.5
Davis, Angela Y., §9.12 Enforcement; §9.13 Justice. Angela Davis on prison abolition and the carceral state’s historical record; distinct from Stephen T. Davis.
Dawkins, Richard, §8.14.1, §8.14.5; see also New Atheism
de Waal, Frans, §8.5.5, §8.12.3, §8.12.4
Decoherence, §7.2.4, Appendix D
Deduction, §8.4, §8.4.1, §8.4.3, §8.4.4
Default mode network, §8.5, §8.5.1, §8.5.3, §8.5.4, §8.14.4
Defense, §9.11, §9.11.1–§9.11.5
Deixis, §8.10.3
Della Rocca, Michael, §2.7.3 PSR Regress. Michael Della Rocca’s universal PSR/grounding demand is assessed as presupposing the structural conditions it would ground.
Dennett, Daniel, §4.3.2, §8, §8.3, §8.5.5, §8.14.1, §8.14.5
Deontology, §8.12.1
Descartes, §1.2.6, §2.2, §2.2.1, §2.8.2, §5.1.9, §4.3.1, §6.3.1, §6.7.1, §8.3.1, §8.4, §8.4.1
Describability (divine), see Word (divine)
Description (divine), see Word (divine)
Deus sive natura, §6.2.2, §8.14
Deutsch, Eliot, §4.3.5 Idealism; Ch. 6. Eliot Deutsch on Advaita Vedānta and comparative philosophy, including the acosmic non-dualism challenge.
Deutsch, Karl W., §9.2 Belonging. Karl W. Deutsch on security communities and political integration; distinct from Eliot Deutsch and David Deutsch.
Dewey, John, §8.13.1, §8.14.1, §8.14.5, §9.9.1
Dickie, George, §8.13.1, §8.13.5
Dipolar theism, §5.3.3, §6.3.1, §6.3.2, §6.3.4, §6.8.2, §6.2.4
Dissipative structures, §7.8, §8.12.3
Distinction, §1.3, §2.3, §2.4.7, §4.2, Glossary
Distributed Correction, §9.14, Glossary Result
Divers, John, §4.4.1 Modal Realism; §4.4.4 Modal Fictionalism. John Divers on possible-worlds metaphysics and Lewisian/fictionalist variants.
Divine attributes, see Classical God; specific attributes (Eternity, Knowledge, Power, etc.)
Divine command theory, §8.12.5
Divine conservation, §4.2.9
Divine hiddenness, §6.8.4; see also Schellenberg
Divine simplicity, see Simplicity (divine)
Dreyfus, Hubert, §8.3.4, §8.11.1
Dual-process theory, §8.4.1
Dunbar, Robin, §8.10
Duns Scotus, John, §5.2.1, §6.8.3; see also Univocity of being
Durkheim, Émile, §8.8.5, §8.14.5
Dutton, Denis, §8.13, §8.13.1, §8.13.4; see also Evolutionary aesthetics
Earman, John, §7.3.1 Space disputed and Ch. 7 cosmology. John Earman on spacetime, symmetry, and thermodynamic asymmetry.
Eckhart, Meister, §5.2.2, §6.8.3, §8.14, §8.14.1, §8.14.4, §8.14.5; see also Via negativa
Education, §9.9, §9.9.1–§9.9.5
Edwards, Jonathan, §6.7.4
Ego death, §8.5, §8.5.3, §8.5.4
Ehrman, Bart D., §6.8.4 Revelation; E.5.4 Final Judgment. Bart D. Ehrman on transmission, redaction, canonization, and the apocalyptic-Jesus reading.
Eklund, Matti, §4.1.8
Election (divine), §6.7.4
Eliade, Mircea, §8.14.5
Eliminativism, §4.3.2, §8.1.1, §8.5.5
Ellul, Jacques, §8.11.1; see also Autonomy of technique
Embedded deity, §6.1, §6.10, Glossary
Embodied cognition, §8.3, §8.3.4
Emergent Time, §4.2.3
Empirical predictions, Appendix D, §7.2–§7.8
Enforcement, §9.12, §9.12.1–§9.12.5
Enframing (Gestell), §8.11.1
Enoch, David, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Ens necessarium, §6.3.1
Entailment, §1.5.3, Glossary
Environment, §9.5, §9.5.1–§9.5.5
Epicurus, §8.7, §8.7.1, §8.7.3, §8.7.5
Epistemic possibility, §8.4
Epistemic Floor, §9, Glossary Result
Equality before the law, §9.13 Justice. Equality before the law is substantive rather than formal: comparable wrongs must receive comparable responses regardless of wealth, with adequately resourced defense as a condition of equal standing.
Error theory, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
ET-simultaneity, §6.3.2, §6.4.2, §6.7.2
Eternal recurrence, §8.7.5
Eternalism, §7.2.1, §7.2.2; see also Block universe; B-theory of time
Eternity, see Tensity (divine)
Ethics (Spinoza), Textual citations to Spinoza’s Ethics (1677/1996): §2.9 (Precedent Convergence), §5.3.1 (Spinozist Pantheism), §4.4.9 (Modal Collapse Objection), §6.2.2 (Unity), §8.1 (Drive), §8.1.1. Theology: Coda (What God Could the Evidence Allow?). Distinct entry from the person Spinoza, which indexes his broader philosophical role across the book.
Euclidean Axiom, §2.1.4, §2.1.6, Glossary Principles
Eudaimonia, §8.8.3
Euthyphro dilemma, §6.9.1, §6.2.4
Evil-God challenge, Excursus E.1.8
Evolutionary aesthetics, §8.13.1, §8.13.4
Evolutionary debunking argument, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Exchange, §1.3, §2.3, §2.4.8, §5, Glossary
Exclusivity of Nature, §2.8.6, §2.7, §3.2.6, Appendix B item 13, Glossary Theorem 7
Existential inertia, §4.2.9
Existential risk, §8.11.1
Expression theory of art, §8.13.1
Expressivism, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Exterior Modal Map, §8.11, §5.1.5, Glossary; see also Modal Map
Exterior modal maps, §8.11, §8.11.2
Fact of Nature, see Triconditional Identity
Fatalism, §7.7, Appendix D
Feinberg, Joel, §9.4 Information. Joel Feinberg’s child’s right to an open future and information rights that bind against intermediate authorities.
Feser, Edward, §4.2.9
Final cause, §6.7.2
Fine, Kit, §4.4.9
Fine-tuning, §5.1.5, §7.7, Appendix D
First-person / Third-person, §7.1, §8.4.4, §8.7.2, Glossary; see also Reflexive awareness
Fischer, John Martin, §9.13 Justice and its free-will discussion. John Martin Fischer on moral responsibility and semicompatibilism, with Mark Ravizza.
Fishkin, James S., §9.2.4 Belonging confirmed. James S. Fishkin on deliberative polling and face-to-face venues that inform recognized public direction.
Flint, Thomas P., §6.4.2 Divine Knowledge; §6.7.4 Sovereignty; §6.5. Molinism, divine providence, and maximal power, with Alfred Freddoso.
Fodor, Jerry A., §2.10.2 Stratified Architecture. Jerry Fodor on special sciences and levels of organization in the anti-reductive scientific architecture.
Foot, Philippa, §8.12.1
Foreclosed positions, Appendix D, §3.1–§3.5, §7.6–§7.8
Foreign terms, see Glossary, Foreign and Technical Terms
Foreknowledge, §6.4.2
Formalism (aesthetics), §8.13.1
Fostering (and corroding), §8.12, §8.12.2
Four-mode framing, §7.1
Frankfurt cases, §8.9.1, §8.9.5
Frankfurt, Harry, §7.7.1, §7.7.2, §8, §8.4.4, §8.8, §8.8.1, §8.9.1, §8.9.5, §8.12, §9.13.1
Frankish, Keith, §4.3.2, §8, §8.3, §8.5.5
Frankl, Viktor, §8.8.4
Freddoso, Alfred J., §4.2.9
Free will, §8.9, §8.9.1, §8.9.2, §8.9.5
Frege, Gottlob, §2.6.2, §2.10.3, §4.2.4, §4.4.10, §8.4, §8.4.1, §8.10, §8.10.1, §8.10.2, §8.10.5
Freire, Paulo, §9.9 Education. Paulo Freire’s dialogical critical pedagogy as capacity cultivation rather than content transfer.
French, Steven, §2.6.8 Ontological Identity. Steven French on ontic structural realism and the metaphysics of physics, allied with but distinct from the book’s structural account.
Friedman, Milton, §9.7 Economy and §9.9 Education. Milton Friedman on free-market liberalism, vouchers, and the land-value-tax convergence.
Frozen-world test, §2.4.11, Appendix B item 7
Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie, §9.10 Healthcare. Rosemarie Garland-Thomson on disability, selection, and the disability-rights critique of selectionist regimes.
Gasking, Douglas, §4.4.10
Gauge symmetry, §7.3.4, §7.5.4, Appendix D
General relativity, §7.3, §7.5.1
Gettier problem, §8.3, §8.3.1, §8.3.4
Gettier, Edmund, §8.3, §8.3.1, §8.3.3, §8.3.4
Gibbard, Allan, §4.1.6, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Gigerenzer, Gerd, §8.4.1
Gilens, Martin, §9.3.3 Representation predicted. Martin Gilens, with Benjamin Page, on wealth-filtered political influence and policy tracking.
Gilligan, Carol, §8.12.1
Gilmore, Ruth Wilson, §9.13 Justice and related carceral analysis. Ruth Wilson Gilmore on prison expansion, abolitionist theory, and the carceral state.
God, see Classical God; Embedded deity; Maximally Great Being (MGB); Three Conceptions of God
God-Precluded, §6.10, Appendix B item 20, Glossary; see also Classical God; No Exit
Goff, Philip, §4.3.3, §4.3.4, §8, §8.2; see also Russellian Monism
Goldman, Alvin, §8.3.1, §8.3.3, §8.11
Goodman, Nelson, §4.3.11 Mereological Nihilism. Nelson Goodman on the new riddle of induction and the classical mereological tradition.
Gossip, §8.10
Great-making properties, §6.1, §6.2.4; see also Maximally Great Being (MGB); Perfection (divine)
Grice, Paul, §8.10.5
Grim, Patrick, §6.4.2; see also Cantorian argument against omniscience; Omniscience (divine)
Grim Reaper paradox, §5.1.2 Cosmological Argument; §7.6 Singularity. Benardete-style paradox deployed for causal finitism; the book addresses its categorial limits, its S/Φ assumptions, and its future-symmetry implications.
Grounding, §1.5.5, §4.1.10, §5.1.1, Glossary
Growing block, §7.2.1; see also Presentism; Eternalism
Grünbaum, Adolf, §7.6.5 Singularity concluded. Adolf Grünbaum on physical cosmology, creation questions, and critiques of theological interpretations of the Big Bang.
Habermas, Gary R., §6.8.4 Revelation and The Resurrection excursus. Gary R. Habermas on the minimal-facts resurrection argument, presented and assessed as part of the evidential case.
Habermas, Jürgen, §2.2, §2.4.3, §9.1, §9.1.4, §9.2, §9.2.4, §9.3, §9.3.1, §9.3.2, §9.3.4, §9.4, §9.4.1, §9.4.4, §9.12, §9.13, §9.15
Hacking, Ian, §5.1.5 Fine-Tuning Argument. Ian Hacking on observer selection and the inverse gambler’s fallacy in multiverse-to-design inference.
Haidt, Jonathan, §8.12.1, §8.12.4
Hale, Bob, §4.1.7 Modal Conventionalism. Bob Hale’s critique of conventionalist accounts of necessity and necessary beings.
Hamilton (principle of stationary action), §7.5.4, Appendix D
Haraway, Donna, §8.11.1; see also Posthumanism
Hardin, Garrett, §9.5.3 Environment predicted. Garrett Hardin’s tragedy of the commons, qualified by Ostrom’s collective-management cases.
Hard incompatibilism, §8.9.1, §8.9.5
Hard Problem of Consciousness, §4.3.1
Hare, John E., §5.1.10 Moral Argument; E.3.4 Moral Gap. Moral philosopher; the moral-gap argument for divine assistance and its structural reconstruction.
Harman, Gilbert, §4.1.2 Two-Dimensional Semantics. Philosopher; moral relativism, inference to the best explanation, and conceptual-role semantics in the semantic debate.
Harm principle, §8.12, §8.12.1
Hart, H. L. A., §8.9.4, §8.9.5
Hartshorne, Charles, §5.3.3, §6.3.2, §6.3.3, §6.3.4, §6.8.2, §6.9.1, §6.2.4, §8.14.5
Hasker, William, §6.2.1 Simplicity; §6.4.2 Knowledge. Philosopher of religion; open theism and emergent dualism in the divine-knowledge and simplicity debates.
Haslanger, Sally, §9.2.1 What is Disputed. Philosopher; social construction and ameliorative analysis, invoked against treating membership boundaries as natural or brute.
Hauerwas, Stanley, Hauerwas’s Christian nonviolence is part of the pacifist challenge to the recognition-based account of defense at §§9.11–9.11.1.
Hawking, §7.6
Hawking points, §7.6, Appendix D
Hayek, Friedrich A., Classical-liberal political economy and the knowledge problem in §9.7 and §9.7.1; the duty-bearer objection to positive rights in §9.1 and §9.1.1.
Healey, Richard, Healey’s effective-theory reading of the quantum-gravity interface frames the type/token seam at §§7.7.1–7.7.2 and the unresolved coupling question at §7.7.5.
Healthcare, §9.10, §9.10.1–§9.10.5
Hedonism, §8.1.1
Heidegger, §2.2.3, §4.3.5, §8.2.4, §8.7, §8.7.1, §8.7.4, §8.8.3, §8.11.1, §8.13.1
Held, David, Held’s cosmopolitan and transnational-institutionalist challenge is staged in the defense discussion at §§9.11–9.11.1.
Heller, Mark, §4.2.7 The Problem of Temporary Intrinsics; §4.2.8 Stage Theory. Metaphysician; four-dimensionalism, stage theory, and material objects.
Helm, Paul, Helm’s Reformed defense of divine eternity is engaged at §6.3.2; his effect-only defense of impassible mercy is engaged in the divine-righteousness analysis at §6.9.2.
Hempel, Carl G., Hempel’s unity-of-science work is engaged in the stratified-architecture account at §2.10.2, which relocates the scientific root below physics to the three logical Conditions.
Herman, Edward S., Herman and Chomsky’s propaganda model informs the ownership-concentration condition at §9.4.2, the empirical confirmation of narrative distortion at §9.4.4, and the critical political-economy position in §9.4.1.
Hick, John, §6.2.2, §8.14.1, §8.14.5, Excursus E.1.5
Hilbert’s Hotel, §5.1.2 Cosmological Argument; §7.6 Singularity. Hilbert’s Grand Hotel paradox, used in the completed-infinity and Kalām discussions.
Hintikka, Jaakko, Hintikka’s performative reading of the Cogito clarifies the change witness in §§2.2–2.2.1.
Hirsch, Eli, §4.1.8
Hirschman, Albert O., §9.1 Rights. Economist; exit, voice, and loyalty as the dynamics of reciprocity, reform, and institutional failure.
Hobbes, §8.9.1, §8.12.5, §9.12
Hoffman, Joshua, Hoffmann and Rosenkrantz’s work on divine attributes informs the omnipresence analysis at §6.8.1 and the perfect-being discussion at §6.2.4.
Holiness (divine), §6.5.1
Holographic principle, §7.4.4, §7.5.2
Housing, Principal §9.8; the political conditions of secure, non-displacing dwelling and the social infrastructure that makes belonging materially available.
Hudson, Hud, Hudson’s four-dimensionalist metaphysics is engaged in the persistence debates at §§4.2.7–4.2.8 and in the omnipresence analysis at §6.8.1.
Huemer, Michael, Huemer’s aesthetic-epistemic simplicity principle is engaged in the Swinburne simplicity argument at §5.1.4, where the book locates aesthetic simplicity within structurally embedded evaluation.
Hume, §1.5.6, §2.6.11, §4.1.3, §4.1.4, §5.1.2, §6.8.4, §8.2, §8.2.1, §8.2.4, §8.2.5, §8.4, §8.4.1, §8.8.1, §8.9.1, §8.12, §8.12.1, §8.12.3, §8.12.5, Intro., Excursus E.4.3
Husserl, §2.2.3, §6.4.1, §8.2.4
Identity, §8.5
Identity (divine), see Simplicity (divine)
Identity (first-person), §8.5, §8.5.1–§8.5.5, Glossary; see also Reflexive awareness
Identity of indiscernibles, §4.3.12, §6.2.1, §6.2.2
Identity of Reality and Nature, §7.9, §1.4.4, §2.8.5
Immateriality (¬Φ), §6.1, §6.7.1, §6.10, Appendix B item 15; see also Atemporality (¬T); Aspatial existence (¬S); Supernatural Preclusion; Substance
Immutability (divine), §6.3.3; see also Tensity (divine); Impassibility (divine)
Impassibility (divine), §6.3.4; see also Immutability (divine)
Impeccability, §6.9.1
Impossibility, §1.1, §2.1, §2.2; see also Possibility; Necessity
Incompossibility of divine attributes, §6.2.4
Indeterminacy of translation, §8.10.1, §8.10.5
Individual existence, see Occupancy Condition
Induction, §8.4.1, §8.4.3, §8.4.4
Infinity (divine), §6.2.3
Information, §9.4, §9.4.1–§9.4.5
Information paradox, §7.4.4, Appendix D
Information-Theoretic Foundationalism, §4.1.5
Informed consent, §8.9.4, §8.9.5
Installing the Framework, §9.15
Instantiation, §1.5, §1.5.1; see also Existence
Institutional theory of art, §8.13.1, §8.13.5
Instrumentalism (technology), §8.11, §8.11.1, §8.11.2
Intelligent Design, §5.1.6, §7.8
Intelligibility, §8.4.3
Interaction (divine), §6.7.3
Inversion, §6, Appendix B item 17, Glossary
Inverted spectrum, The inverted-spectrum and fading-qualia challenges to the recursion account of affect are addressed at §8.2, with the detailed structural-residue defense routed to §8.3 §A2.
Ipsum esse subsistens, §6.2.1
Is/ought gap, §8.12, §8.12.1, §8.12.3, §8.12.5
Jackson, Frank, §4.3.1, §8.3.1, §8.3.4, §8.3.5; see also Knowledge argument
James, William, §5.1.11, §8.2.1, §8.2.4, §8.3.4, §8.14.1, §8.14.4, §8.14.5
James-Lange theory, §8.2.1, §8.2.4
Jonas, Hans, §8.12.3
Joyce, Richard, §8.12.1, §8.12.5; see also Evolutionary debunking argument; Moral nihilism
Jurisdictional Dilemma, §3.5
Justice, §9.13, §9.13.1–§9.13.5
Kaba, Mariame, Kaba’s prison-abolitionist organizing is engaged in the enforcement debate at §§9.12–9.12.1 and in the justice debate at §§9.13–9.13.1.
Kafer, Alison, Kafer’s disability-rights critique of selectionist regimes is engaged as ongoing policy-design pressure in the healthcare and reproductive-autonomy discussions at §§9.10–9.10.1.
Kahneman, Daniel, §8.4.1, §8.12
Kalām Cosmological Argument, §5.1.2, §7.6; see also Craig, William Lane
Kane, Robert, §7.7.1, §7.7.2, §8.9.1
Kant, §2.2.3, §2.10.3, §4.3.5, §5.1.3, §6.2.1, §6.3.1, §8.4, §8.4.1, §8.12.1, §8.13, §9.11.1, §9.13.1, Intro., Excursus E.2.3
Kim, Jaegwon, §2.10.2, The Stratified Architecture: Kim’s levels-of-reality work and Mind in a Physical World (1998) are used as a non-reductive stratification precedent that still places physics at the foundational level.
Kimmerer, Robin Wall, Kimmerer’s Indigenous environmental philosophy and kinship-with-land framing are engaged in the intergenerational-stewardship account at §§9.5–9.5.1 and in the agricultural stewardship account at §9.6.
Klein, Naomi, Klein’s analysis of disaster capitalism and defense-industry capture informs the political-economy critique of defense at §9.11.
Klinenberg, Eric, Klinenberg’s social-infrastructure work supports the civic-infrastructure and resilience arguments in Belonging at §§9.2.1–9.2.4.
Knowledge, §8.3
Knowledge (divine), see Omniscience (divine)
Knowledge (first-person), §8.3, §8.3.1–§8.3.5; see also Modal Field; Modal Convergence Theorem; Will (first-person)
Knowledge argument, §8.3.1, §8.3.4, §8.3.5
Knowledge by acquaintance, §8.3, §8.3.1, §8.3.3, §8.3.4, §8.3.5
Koons, Robert C., Koons’s cosmological and formal-metaphysical arguments are engaged in the PSR analysis (§4.1.3), the cosmological argument (§5.1.2), and Rasmussen’s foundation argument (§5.1.1).
Korsgaard, Christine, §8.12.1, §8.12.5, §9.6, §9.6.5; see also Moral constructivism
Kraay, Klaas, Kraay’s work on theistic multiverse and no-best-world problems is engaged in the divine-causality analysis at §6.7.2 and in the modal-structure-unity discussion at §6.2.2.
Kripke, §1.1, §1.2.1, §2, §2.1.4, §2.4, §2.6.6, §2.8.5, §3.4.2, §4.1.1, §4.3.1, §4.4, §5.1.5, §8.3, §8.4, §8.10, §8.10.1, §8.10.5, Intro.
Kvanvig, Jonathan L., §4.2.9
Laclau, Ernesto, Post-Marxist political theory; hegemony and radical democracy, with Mouffe (Hegemony and Socialist Strategy 1985). §9.15.
Ladyman, James, §2.4, §2.6.8, §2.10.2, §2.10.3, §4.1.5, §4.3.3, §4.3.6, §4.3.9, §4.4.7, §6.1, §8.3
Lagrange, §7.5.4, Appendix D
Landemore, Hélène, Landemore’s epistemic and open-democracy work is engaged across the representation framework: dispute (§9.3.1), design requirements (§9.3.2), empirical confirmation (§9.3.4), and continuous-recognition architecture (§9.3).
Langton, Rae, Langton’s Kantian Humility is engaged in the witness-reach analysis at §2.2.3 and in the idealism discussion at §4.3.5.
Language, §8.10, §8.10.1–§8.10.5
Laplacean determinism, §7.7, Appendix D
Large language models, §8.10.1, §8.10.5, §8.11, §8.11.5
Latour, Bruno, §8.11.1
Law of Excluded Middle (LEM), §2.6.11, §2.10.1
Law of Modal Persistence, §2.1.7, Glossary Principles
Leftow, Brian, §4.1.10, §4.2.1, §5, §5.2.1, §5.1.3, §5.1.9, §5.2.2, §5.1.8, §6.2.1, §6.3.1, §6.3.2, §6.4.2, §6.7.1, §6.7.2, §6.7.4, §6.8.3, §6.2.2
Leibniz, §4.1.3, §4.4.9, §5.1.1, §6.7.2, §8.15
Leśniewski, Stanisław, §2.10.1 Three Distinct Logics; §4.3.11 Mereological Nihilism. Logician; mereology and the formal foundations of the substantial-logic axis.
Levinas, Emmanuel, §6.5.1 Holiness. Phenomenologist; ethics as first philosophy and the face-to-face encounter with the Other, cited in the analysis of divine otherness.
Levine, Joseph, §4.3.1 The Hard Problem of Consciousness. Philosopher of mind who named the explanatory gap between physical description and phenomenal experience.
Lewis, C. S., Excursus E.1.5
Lewis, David, §2.1.4, §2.4.1, §4.2.7, §4.3.12, §4.4, §4.4.1, §4.4.7, §8.3.1, §8.7.1, §8.10.1, §8.10.5
Libertarian free will, §8.9.1, §8.9.5
Libertarianism (free will), §6.7.4
Licona, Michael R., Licona’s resurrection case is engaged in the revelation discussion at §6.8.4 and steelmanned, then assessed, in E.5.3 The Resurrection.
Life, §7.8, §7.8.1–§7.8.5; see also Consciousness
Life (divine), §6.6
Lijphart, Arend, Lijphart’s comparative consensus-democracy work is engaged in the representation dispute (§9.3.1) and confirmation record (§9.3.4).
Linford, Daniel J., §4.2.9
Linguistic Ersatzism, §4.4.2
Linguistic relativity, §8.10, §8.10.1, §8.10.5
Locke, §2.6.12, §8.5, §8.5.1, §8.5.5, §8.7.1, §9.1, §9.1.1, §9.13, §9.13.1, §9.13.2, §9.13.5
Loewer, Barry, Loewer’s Humean account of laws and the Mentaculus is engaged in the Physicality argument at §2.4.8 and in the Humean-contingency discussion at §4.1.4.
Logical possibility, §8.4
Logos, §7.1
Lomborg, Bjørn, Lomborg’s cost-benefit critique of environmental policy is engaged in the environmental-policy dispute at §§9.5.1 and 9.5.3.
Loop quantum gravity (LQG), §7.6, Appendix D
Lorentz invariance, §7.5.4
Lowe, E. J., §2.10.1 Three Distinct Logics; §§4.2.7–4.2.8. Philosopher of four-category ontology, substance, identity, and persistence.
Lüdemann, Gerd, Lüdemann’s primary-vision and chain-reaction account of resurrection appearances is substantively engaged in E.5.3 The Resurrection.
MacIntyre, Alasdair, §8.5, §8.5.1, §8.8.1, §8.12.1
Mackie, J. L., §5.1.10, §8.12.1, §8.12.5; see also Error theory
Maddy, Penelope, §§4.2.4 and 4.2.8. Philosopher of mathematics; naturalism and set theory in the structural-metaphysics discussions.
Madhyamaka, §5.3.4
Maimonides, §5.2.1, §5.2.2, §6.8.3, §8.14
Maitzen, Stephen, Maitzen’s arguments on divine hiddenness, intervention, and PSR are substantively engaged in E.3.1, E.1.2, and §2.7.3.
Manne, Kate, §8.6.5
Maranasati, §8.7, §8.7.1, §8.7.4
Marcus, Ruth Barcan, Barcan Marcus’s quantified-modal-logic work and the Barcan formula are engaged in the modal-variants overview (§4.4) and the necessitism analysis (§4.4.6).
Marion, Jean-Luc, Marion’s post-Heideggerian and apophatic theology is engaged in the divine-simplicity discussion (§6.2.1) and Via Negativa (§5.2.2).
Marshall, T. H., Marshall’s citizenship and social-rights tradition is engaged in Rights (§§9.1–9.1.4) and in the Economy’s social-rights architecture (§9.7).
Marx, §8.11.1, §8.13.1, §9.7.1, §9.7.5, §9.15
Mass–energy equivalence, §7.4.1, §7.4.4
mathematical cyclist, §2.8.5
Mathematical Universe Hypothesis, §4.3.7
Mathematics, §7.1
Maturana, Humberto R., §7.8 Life; §§7.8.1–7.8.3. Biologist and theorist of autopoiesis; self-producing closure and the biology of cognition.
Maudlin, Tim, §4.2 Emergent Time; §4.3.8 Non-Locality; Chapter 7 Time. Philosopher of physics on relativity, quantum non-locality, and the metaphysics of time.
Mavrodes, George I., §5.1.10 Moral Argument. Philosopher of religion on omnipotence, moral grounding, and religious epistemology.
Maximal greatness, R21, the “Maximal Greatness” result (Result of T6 and T7): the Anselmian superlative inverted. Developed as Plantinga’s modal maximand at §5.1.7 and inverted at §6.1 (Greatness); stated as R21 at the Chapter 9 root (§9 Maximum Possibility), where it names maximum possibility as a maintained standing.
Maximally Great Being (MGB), §6.1, §6.10, Appendix B item 16, Glossary; see also Classical God; Perfect-being theology; Great-making properties
Maxwell, §7.3.4, Appendix D
McCann, Hugh J., §4.2.9
McDowell, John, McDowell’s therapeutic quietism in epistemology and philosophy of mind is directly engaged in §4.1.9.
McGinnis, Jon, McGinnis’s work on Avicenna’s continuous-creation account is substantively engaged in §5.1.3.
McLuhan, Marshall, §8.11.1
McMahan, Jeff, McMahan’s revisionist ethics of killing and combatant liability is engaged in the defense and just-war discussions at §§9.11–9.11.1.
McTaggart, J. M. E., §2.6, §3.5.3, §4.2.5, §4.2.2, §7.2.1
Meditatio mortis, §8.7, §8.7.1, §8.7.4
Medium, §1.5.7, §2.4, Glossary; see also Nature; Necessity of Nature
Mellor, D. H., §4.2 Time; §7.2.1 What is Disputed. Philosopher of the tenseless B-theory of time and metaphysics of persistence.
Memento mori, §8.7, §8.7.1, §8.7.4, §8.7.5
Mens rea, §8.9.4
Mereological nihilism, §4.3.11
Merleau-Ponty, §8.2.4, §8.8.3, §8.13.1
Merricks, Trenton, Merricks’s compositional arguments, including persons and overdetermination, are substantively engaged in §4.3.11.
Meta-problem of consciousness, §8
Metalogical Position, §2.10.3; see also Three Logical Strata
Metaontological Deflationism, §4.1.8
Metaphysical possibility, §8.4
Methodological Convergence, §7.1, Appendix B item 21
Metz, Thaddeus, §8.8.1, §8.8.4
Metzger, Bruce M., Metzger’s account of New Testament canon formation is cited in the testimonial-transmission analysis in E.5.3 The Resurrection.
Metzinger, Thomas, §8.5.1
Meyer, Stephen C., Meyer’s information-based intelligent-design argument is engaged in §5.1.6 and in the Life dispute at §7.8.1.
Mill, John Stuart, §8.12, §8.12.1, §8.12.2, §9.4.1; see also Harm principle; Consequentialism
Millikan, Ruth, §8.1.1, §8.10.5
Mills, Charles, §9.14
Minkowski, §4.2.6, §7.5.1, Appendix D
Mirror self-recognition, §8.5.1, §8.5.3
Mixed relation, §6.8.2
Modal Access, §8, Glossary; see also Modal Field; Modal Memory
Modal alignment, §8.3; See also Modal convergence; Modal field; Modal network.
Modal Aspect, see Modal Identity
Modal Certainty, §2.1.3, §2.1.4
Modal Collapse Objection, §4.4.9, §4.2.9
Modal Closure, §2.8.4
Modal commons, §8.3
Modal Conditions (P5 of the proof), §2.6, §2.4, §2.6.6
Modal Constitution, §2.1.3
Modal Constraint, §2.1.3, §2.3; see also Modal Conditions (P5 of the proof)
Modal contamination, §8.3; See also Modal convergence; Modal fidelity; Modal weight; Modal network.
Modal Conventionalism, §4.1.7
Modal depth, §8.9, §8.9.2, §8.9.3, §8.9.5
Modal Exclusivity, §4.1.10
Modal expression, §8.3; See also Modal representation; Modal network; Modal contamination.
Modal Expressivism, §4.4.5
Modal fictionalism, §4.4.4, §3.3.3
Modal fidelity, §8.3; See also Modal depth; Modal field; Modal contamination.
Modal Field, §8.3, §7.9, §8, §8.2, §8.4, §8.5, §8.6, §8.7, §8.8, §8.9, §8.10, §8.11, §8.12, §8.13, §8.14, Glossary; see also Modal Map; Modal Memory; Modal Convergence
Modal freedom, §8.9
Modal Identity, §2.6.6, Appendix B item 7, Glossary Theorem 2
Modal Invariance, Principle of, §2.1.7, Glossary Principles
Modal logic, §1.1, §2.1, §2.1.4, §2.1.5
Modal Map, §8.11, §5.1.5, Glossary; see also Exterior Modal Map
Modal Memory, §8, §8.2, Glossary; see also Modal Access; Modal Field; Modal Map
Modal network, §8.11 Technology. The collective, externally supported network of modal representations assembled, corrected, and inherited across bodies.
Modal Pressure, §2.6.10, §8, §8.1, §8.2, Glossary
Modal Realism (Lewisian), §4.4.1; see also Lewis, David
Modal representation, §8.3; See also Modal weight; Modal expression; Modal field; Modal structure.
Modal Status, §1.2, §1.1, §2.1, §2.1.3, Glossary
Modal structure, §8.3
Modal Convergence, §8.3, §8.10, §9; see also Modal Convergence Theorem
Modal Convergence Theorem, §8.3
Modal weight, §8.3; See also Modal representation; Modal fidelity; Modal contamination.
Molina, Luis de, §6.4.2, §6.7.4
Molinism, §6.9.2
Moltmann, Jürgen, §6.3.4
Moore, G. E., §8.12.5; see also Open question argument
Moral argument, §5.1.10
Moral constructivism, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Moral nihilism, §8.12.5
Moral realism, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Moral relativism, §8.12.1
Moral status, §8.12.1, §8.12.2
Morality, §8.12, §8.12.1–§8.12.5
Moreland, J. P., §8.3 Knowledge; E.4.2 Scripture and Prophecy. Philosopher of religion on consciousness and natural theology.
Morris, Thomas V., §5.1.8, §5.1.9, §6, §6.1, §6.2.1, §6.2.4, §6.3.1, §6.7.3, §6.8.3, §6.9.2, Excursus E.5.2
Morriston, Wes, §5.1.2, §5.1.3
Moss, Candida, E.5.3 The Resurrection. Historian of early Christianity; cited on the late development of martyrdom accounts.
Mortality, §8.7, §8.7.1–§8.7.5; see also Sein-zum-Tode
Mouffe, Chantal, §9.3, §9.14, §9.15
Mu’tazilism, §6.9.1
Mullins, R. T., §5.2.1, §6.3.1, §6.3.3, §6.7.1, §6.7.2, §6.7.3, §6.9.2
Mumford, Stephen, §2.5 Causal Power; §2.4.2 Laws. Metaphysician of dispositions and laws of nature.
Murphy, Mark C., §§6.1–6.2 Greatness, Simplicity, and Perfection. Philosopher of religion on divine authority, divine agency, and moral theology.
Murray, John, §6.9 Providence; E.2.2 Original Sin. Reformed theologian on redemption, imputation, and original sin.
Mutual Containment Result, §2.6.5, §2.6.7, Appendix B item 9, Glossary Result
Mutual Maintenance, §9.15
Mutual Sustenance, Theorem 10 (T10), stated at §9 root and developed through §9.14 Convergence.
Mystical experience, §8.14, §8.14.1, §8.14.4, §8.14.5
Nagarjuna, §4.2.8, §5.3.4, §8.14.5; see also Non-dualism (śūnyatā / Advaita)
Nagel, Thomas, §4.3.1, §4.3.2, §6.4.1, §8, §8.3, §8.3.1, §8.3.3, §8.3.4, §8.7.1, §8.8, §8.8.1, §8.8.5
Named Results, see Glossary, Named Results
Narrative identity, §8.5, §8.5.1, §8.8.1
Natural Identity, see Triconditional Identity
Nature, §1.4.4, §2.6, §2.8, §2.8.5, Glossary
Nature of Necessity, §2.6.12, Glossary Named Results; see also Necessity of Nature; Conditioned-Nature
Near-death experience, §8.7.4, Appendix D
Necessary Occupancy, §2.8.6, Appendix B item 14, Glossary Result
Necessary Possibility, §2.1.10; see also Euclidean Axiom
Necessitism, §4.4.6; see also Williamson, Timothy
Necessity, §1.2, §2.1.4, §2.3, §2.6, Glossary; see also Modal logic; Possibility
Necessity (divine), §6.3.1
Necessity entails Possibility, §2.1.4, Glossary Result
Necessity of Nature, §2.8, §2.4, §2.8.5, Appendix B item 12, Glossary Theorem 6
Negation Seal, §2.1.5
Neoplatonism, §5.3.2; see also Plotinus
Newton, §7.3.1
Nietzsche, §8.1, §8.1.1, §8.1.5, §8.7.5, §8.8.1, §8.13, §8.14.5
Nihilism, §8.8, §8.8.1, §8.8.5
No Bare Plurality, §2.4.7
No Exit, §6.10; see also God-Precluded; Three-Horn Dilemma
Noesis noeseos noesis, §6.4.1
Noether, §7.1, §7.4, §7.4.4, §7.5.3, §7.5.4
Nomological Aspect, see Triconditional Cross-Entailment
Nomological Identity, see Triconditional Cross-Entailment
Nomological possibility, §8.4
Non-dualism (śūnyatā / Advaita), §8.14.5
Nordhaus, William, Nordhaus’s cost-benefit and prioritization approach to environmental policy is substantively engaged in §9.5.1 and carried into the prediction framework at §9.5.3.
Norton, John D., Norton’s work on spacetime and the hole argument is engaged in the substantivalism-relationalism synthesis at §7.3.2.
Nozick, Robert, §8.1.1, §9, §9.1.1, §9.7.1, §9.7.3, §9.7.4, §9.13.1, §9.13.3, §9.13.4, §9.13.5
Numinous, §8.14.5
Nussbaum, Martha, §8.2.1, §8.2.4, §8.2.5, §9.1.1, §9.1.5, §9.3.1, §9.5.1, §9.6.1, §9.7.1, §9.10, §9.10.1, §9.11.1
Occasionalism, §4.2.9, §6.7.1, §6.7.2
Occupancy Condition, see Necessary Occupancy
O’Connor, Timothy, §8.9 Will. Philosopher of agent-causal libertarianism; the framework treats agent-causation as either structure-grounded selection or luck.
Olson, Eric, §8.5, §8.5.1, §8.7.1
Olson, Mancur, Olson’s public-choice rollback analysis is substantively engaged in the installation debate at §9.15.
Omnipotence, see Power (divine)
Omnipresence, §6.8.1
Omniscience (divine), §6.4.2
Ontological argument, §6.3.1, §6.2.4
Ontological Identity, §2.6.8, Appendix B item 10, Glossary Theorem 4
Oord, Thomas Jay, §5.3 Process Theism. Theologian of open and relational theology, emphasizing uncontrolling love and divine receptivity.
Open question argument, §8.12.5
Open theism, §6.1, §6.7.3, §6.10
Operators (metaphysical), §1.5, §1.5.9; see also Causation; Grounding; Entailment; Constitution; Medium
Oppy, Graham, §2, §2.7.3, §2.9, §2.9.3, §3.3.4, §4.1, §4.4.7, §5.1.2, §5.1.4, §5.1.7, §6.2.4, §6.10, §7, Intro.
Original position / veil of ignorance (Rawls), §9.1 Rights; §9.14 Convergence. Rawls’s original-position method and veil of ignorance; the framework derives universalizability from mutual registration instead.
Original sin, §6.9.2
Ostrom, Elinor, §9.5 Environment; §9.7 Economy. Political economist of common-pool resource governance and collective action.
Otto, Rudolf, §6.5.1, §8.14.1, §8.14.5; see also Numinous
Paine, Thomas, §6.8.4
Paley, William, §6.8.4
Panksepp, Jaak, §8.1, §8.1.4, §8.2, §8.2.1
Panpsychism, §6.1, §8, §8.2, Appendix D
Parasitic mind control, §8.5, §8.5.1, §8.5.2, §8.5.3, §8.5.4
Parasitic Negation, §2.1.5
Parfit, Derek, §8.5, §8.5.1, §8.5.5, §8.7.1, §8.8.3, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Pascal, Blaise, Pascal and the Pensées wager are directly engaged in §5.1.11.
Pascal’s Wager, §5.1.11
Passibilism, §6.3.4
Past Hypothesis, §7.2.3, §7.2.4
Past-eternity, §7.9, §7.6, Appendix D
Pawl, Timothy, Pawl’s work on weak immutability and conciliar Christology is directly engaged in §§6.3.3 and 6.7.3.
Peirce, Charles Sanders, §8.4, §8.4.1, §8.10.3
Penal substitution, §6.9.2
Penrose-Diósi collapse, §7.7, Appendix D
Pereboom, Derk, §4.3.3, §8.9.1, §8.9.5, Excursus E.3.2
Perennial philosophy, §8.14.1, §8.14.5
Perfect-being theology, §6.1, §6.8.3, §6.10; see also Maximally Great Being (MGB); Anselm; Great-making properties
Perfection (divine), §6.2.4; see also Maximally Great Being (MGB)
Performative Self-Refutation, §2.1.3, §2.2, §3.3.1, Glossary Named Results
Perichoresis, §6.2.1
Persistence, §1.3, §1.4, §1.5.8, §5, Glossary
Personal identity, §8.5, §8.5.1, §8.5.5
Pettit, Philip, §9.1, §9.3.1, §9.15; see also Republicanism
Phenomenological Convergence, §8.14.2, §8.14.3; see also Spirituality
Philosophical zombie, §8.3, §8.3.1, §8.3.5
Physical, Glossary
Physical Identity, see Ontological Identity
Physical Triconditional, see Ontological Identity
Physicality, see Substance, Glossary
Pinker, Steven, §8.12.4
Pizzi, Claudio, §5.1.1, §4.1.11
Plantinga, §1.5.5, §2.1.7, §2.1.9, §2.8.3, §4.3.6, §4.4, §4.4.10, §4.4.2, §5.2.1, §5.1.7, §5.1.11, §6.2.1, §6.7.3, §6.8.4, §6.9.2, §6.2.4, §6.10, §8.14.1, Excursus E.1.4
Plantinga, Cornelius, Jr., §6.2.2, §6.8.2
Plato, §4.2.4, §8.3.1, §8.4, §8.4.1
Platonism, §4.2.4
Pogge, Thomas, §9.11
Polytheism, §6.2.2
Possibility, §1.1, §2.1, §2.1.3, §8.4, Glossary; see also Necessity; Impossibility; Modal logic
Possible World, §2.1.5, Glossary
Posthumanism, §8.11.1
Power (divine), §6.7.1
Pre-established harmony, §8.15
Pre-reflective self-awareness, §8.1, Glossary; see also Reflexive awareness
Precedents Converge, §2.9
Predestination, §6.7.4
Predictive processing, §8.2, §8.2.4, §8.3, §8.4.1, §8.5.4, §8.9.4
Presence (divine), §6.8.1
Presentism, §7.2.1, §7.2.2; see also A-theory of time; Growing block; Eternalism
Prigogine, §7.8, §7.8.1, §7.8.2, §7.8.4, §8.7.4, §8.12.3
Principle of alternate possibilities, §8.9.1, §8.9.5
Principle of least action, §7.5.4
Prior, A. N., Prior’s tense logic and temporal-metaphysics work are substantively engaged in the three-logics discussion (§2.10.1) and divine-immutability analysis (§6.3.3).
Private language argument, §8.10.1, §8.10.5
Privation theory of evil, §6.9.1
Probability, §5.1.5, Glossary
Problem of evil, §6.9.1, §6.2.4
Procedural knowledge, §8.3, §8.3.2, §8.3.3, §8.3.4
Process metaphysics, §4.4.8, §5.3.3, §6.1, §6.10, §7.1
Process theology, §5.3.3, §8.14.5; see also Process metaphysics; Whitehead
Propaganda, §8.13.5
Providence, §6.7.4
Pruss, Alexander, §2.7.3, §2.9.3, §4.1.3, §4.4.9, §5.1.1, §5.2.1, §5.1.2, §5.1.4, §4.1.11, §6.1, §6.3.1, §6.7.1, §6.7.2, §6.7.4, §6.9.2
Pseudo-Dionysius, §5.2.2, §6.8.2, §6.8.3, §6.9.1, §8.14, §8.14.1, §8.14.5
PSR (Principle of Sufficient Reason), §2.7, §2.7.3, §4.1.3, Glossary Principles
Psychological continuity, §8.5.1, §8.5.5
Putnam, Hilary, §4.2.4, §4.2.6, §4.3.6, §8.3.5
Putnam, Robert D., §9.2, §9.2.1, §9.2.4, §9.4.1, §9.4.4, §9.13.1, §9.13.4
Quantum field theory (QFT), §4.3.8, §7.4, §7.4.4, §7.5, §7.5.2, Appendix D
Quantum mechanics (QM), §7.4.4, §7.6, §7.7, Appendix D
Quine, §2.6.11, §2.10.1, §2.10.3, §4.1.6, §4.1.7, §4.1.8, §4.2.8, §4.2.4, §4.3.6, §4.4.7, §8.4, §8.10, §8.10.1, §8.10.5
Quinean modal skepticism, §4.1.6
Railton, Peter, §8.12.5
Rasmussen, §1.5.5, §2.7.3, §2.8.4, §2.8.5, §2.9, §2.9.3, §4.1.3, §4.4.9, §5, §5.1.1, §5.2.1, §5.1.2, §5.1.4, §4.1.11, §6.3.1, §6.7.1, §6.7.2, §6.7.4; see also Argument from contingency
Rawls, John, §9.4, §9.13, §9.14
Raworth, Kate, Raworth’s Doughnut Economics is substantively engaged as an installation example in §9.15.
Rea, Michael, §6.2.2 Unity: Rea 2009 on analytic models of Trinitarian unity. §6.9.2 Righteousness: Rea 2007 on original sin and inherited guilt.
Reactive attitudes, §8.9.5
Real / Reality, §1.1, §2.1, Glossary
Reasoning, §8.4
Reasons-responsiveness, §8.9.1
Reciprocal altruism, §8.12.4
Recurrence, see Cycle; Eternal recurrence
Recursive Depth → Phenomenal Interiority, §8, Glossary; see also Consciousness; Reflexive awareness
Reference (linguistics), §8.10.2, §8.10.3, §8.10.5
Reflective self-awareness, §8.1, Glossary; see also Reflexive awareness
Reflexive awareness, §8.1, Glossary; see also Pre-reflective self-awareness; Reflective self-awareness
Regan, Tom, Regan’s rights-based animal ethics is substantively engaged in the agriculture framework (§9.6) and dispute section (§9.6.1).
Relatability (divine), §6.8.2
Relation (divine), see Relatability (divine)
Relationalism, §7.3.1
Religious naturalism, §8.14.1, §8.14.5
Religious pluralism, §6.2.2, §8.14.1, §8.14.5
Representation, §9.3, §9.3.1–§9.3.5
Republicanism, §9.1, §9.15; see also Pettit, Philip
Revelation (divine), §6.8.4
Revised conception of God, see Embedded deity; Three Conceptions of God
Ricoeur, Paul, §8.5, §8.5.1, §8.8.1
Righteousness (divine), §6.9.2
Rorty, Richard, §8.3.5
Rosen, Gideon, §4.4.9
Russell, Bertrand, §4.3.10, §7.4.2, §8.3.1, §8.3.3, §8.4, §8.4.1, §8.10.1, §8.10.5
Russellian Monism, §4.3.3, §6.1, §8, §8.2
S5, §2.1.4, §2.1.5, Appendix B item 16, Glossary Principles
S5 Bottleneck, §2.1.5
Salience, §8.2.3
Samuelson, Paul A., Samuelson’s public-goods framework is substantively engaged in the economy account (§9.7) and its dispute section (§9.7.1).
Sandel, Michael, §9.15
Sartre, §8.2.4, §8.7.1, §8.8, §8.8.1, §8.8.5
Saussure, Ferdinand de, §8.10, §8.10.1, §8.10.5
Scanlon, T. M., §8.12.1, §8.12.5, §9.15
Schaffer, Jonathan, §1.5.5, §1.5.9, §2.2.2, §2.4.1, §2.4.3, §2.6.6, §4.1.7, §4.1.10, §4.3.4, §4.3.11, §4.4.7, §4.4.9
Schellenberg, J. L., §6.8.4, Excursus E.3.1
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, §8.14.5
Schmid, Joseph C., §4.2.9
Schopenhauer, §4.3.5, §8.1, §8.1.1, §8.6, §8.6.1, §8.13
Schumpeter, Joseph A., Schumpeter’s competitive-elite theory is substantively engaged in the economy dispute (§9.7.1) and representation framework (§9.3).
Scriptural conception of God, §6.9.2, Glossary
Searle, John, §8.10.1, §8.10.5
Second law of thermodynamics, §7.2.3, §7.2.4
Second-personal knowledge, §6.4.1, §6.4.2, §6.9.1
Seeskin, Kenneth, Seeskin’s work on Maimonides and negative theology is substantively engaged in Via Negativa (§5.2.2) and the Chapter 6 framing.
Sein-zum-Tode, §8.7, §8.7.1, §8.7.4
Self-determination theory, §8.8.4
Self-model theory, §8.5, §8.5.1
Self-modeling, §7.8, §8
Sellars, Wilfrid, Sellars’s myth of the given and space-of-reasons position is substantively engaged in the Triunity of Nature discussion (§2.6.9).
Sempiternity, §6.3.2
Sen, Amartya, §9.1, §9.7.1, §9.10, §9.15; see also Capabilities approach; Nussbaum
Sexuality, §8.6
Shackel, Nicholas, Originator of the unsatisfiable-pair diagnosis of Benardete paradoxes, deployed in the causal-finitism discussion at §5.1.2.
Shafer-Landau, Russ, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Shankara, §6, §8.14.5
Shapiro, Stewart, Shapiro’s mathematical structuralism is substantively engaged in the Platonism discussion (§4.2.4) and Structural Realism (§4.3.9).
Shared interiority, §8.10, §8.10.5
Ship of Theseus, The Ship of Theseus is substantively used to develop continuity-based identity in §8.5.
Shirky, Clay, §9.2, §9.2.1, §9.2.3, §9.2.4, §9.2.5, §9.4, §9.4.1, §9.4.3, §9.4.4, §9.4.5
Shoemaker, Sydney, §4.2.2
Shue, Henry, Shue’s basic-rights argument is substantively engaged in the Rights pillar (§9.1) and its dispute section (§9.1.1).
Sidelle, Alan, Sidelle’s modal conventionalism is substantively engaged in §4.1.7.
Sider, Theodore, §2.6.4, §4.2.2, §4.2.8, §4.2.6, §4.3.11, §4.4.7; see also Structural Realism
Simon, Herbert, §8.4.1
Simons, Peter, Simons’s mereology is substantively engaged in the three-logics discussion (§2.10.1) and mereological-nihilism treatment (§4.3.11).
Simplicity (divine), §5.2.1, §6.2.1, §6.10
Simulation argument (Bostrom), §2.2.2 Actuality’s Reach; §4.1; §5.1.5 Fine-Tuning. Simulation hypothesis; any host that realizes simulated persistence still instantiates T, S, and Φ.
Simultaneous Causation, §5.1.3
Singer, Peter, §8.12.1, §9.6, §9.6.5
Singularity (cosmological), §7.6
Skeptical theism, §6.9.2
Skow, Bradford, §4.3.12
Smart, J. J. C., Smart’s B-theory and block-universe work is substantively engaged in the Block Universe analysis (§4.2.6).
Smith, Adam, Smith’s political economy and moral-sentiments work are substantively engaged in the economy framework (§9.7) and dispute section (§9.7.1).
Smolin, Lee, Smolin’s temporal naturalism and defense of time’s fundamentality are substantively engaged in §2.8.4 and §4.2.3.
Sobel, Jordan Howard, Sobel’s symmetry objection to the modal ontological argument is substantively distinguished and engaged in §5.1.7.
Sober, Elliott, Sober’s work on simplicity and the design inference is substantively engaged in §5.1.4 and §7.8.1.
Social construction of technology, §8.11.1; see also Actor-network theory
Social constructionism, §8.6.1, §8.6.5, §8.14.1
Somatic-marker hypothesis, §8.2.1, §8.2.4
Sorites paradox, §2.1.1
Soul-Making Theodicy, Excursus E.1.5; see also Hick, John
Sovereignty, §6.7.4
Soziale Marktwirtschaft, §9.7
Space, §1.3, §1.4, §2.5, §7.3, §7.3.1–§7.3.5, Glossary Spatiality
Spacetime, §7.3, §7.5.1, Appendix D, Glossary
Spatial logic, §2.10.1
Spatiality, see Space, Glossary
Special relativity, §7.3.1, §7.5.1
Speech act theory, §8.10.5
Spinoza, §2.9, §4.3.4, §4.4.9, §5.3.1, §4.2.9, §6.2.2, §7.1, §8.1, §8.1.1, §8.1.3, §8.1.5, §8.2, §8.2.4, §8.8.3, §8.12.3, §8.14, §8.14.1
Spirituality, §8.14, §8.14.1–§8.14.5
Spontaneous language genesis, §8.10.4
Stace, W. T., §8.14.1, §8.14.4, §8.14.5
Stalnaker, Robert, Stalnaker’s abstract possible-worlds account is substantively engaged in the Modal Realism discussion (§4.4.1).
Standard Model, §7.4, §7.4.4, Appendix D
Stanley, Jason, §8.3 Knowledge: Stanley and Williamson on knowing-how, and Stanley on practical interests in knowledge; the section uses these positions in its account of the forms and stakes of held grasp.
Stern, Josef, §5.2.2 Via Negativa: Stern 2013 on Maimonidean predicate-denial and the Guide’s apophatic semantics. §6 chapter root: Maimonides’s negative theology is named as a cross-traditional instance of the chapter’s structural pressure.
Stone paradox, §6.7.1
Stratified Architecture, §2.10.2; see also Three Logical Strata
Strawson, Galen, §4.3.3, §8, §8.5.1, §8.5.5, §8.9.1
Street, Sharon, §8.12.1, §8.12.5
Structural Realism, §4.3.9, §4.4.7, §6.1, §7.4.2, §8.3
Structural Requirement, §2.4
Structural Role, Glossary
Stump, Eleonore, §6.4.1, §6.7.3, §6.7.4, §6.8.2, §6.9.2, §8.9.1, §8.9.5, Excursus E.1.6
Sublime, §8.13; see also Tragedy (aesthetics); Beauty
Subsistence, §9
Substance, §1.3, §1.4, §2.5, §7.4, §7.4.1–§7.4.5, Glossary Physicality
Substantial logic, §2.10.1
Substance dualism, §7.8, Appendix D
Substantivalism, §7.3.1
Subtraction argument, §3.2.6
Succession, see Time
Suchocki, Marjorie, Suchocki’s process-theology development is substantively engaged in the Process Theology analysis (§5.3.3).
Summum bonum, §6.9.1
Sunstein, Cass R., §9.4.4 What is Confirmed: Sunstein’s Republic.com (2001) anticipates filter-bubble, cascade, and group-polarization dynamics in engagement-optimized information environments.
Superdeterminism, §7.4.4, Appendix D
Supernatural Preclusion, §6.1, §6.10, Appendix B item 15, Glossary Theorem 8
Supervenience, §1.5.4, Glossary
Sustained Energy Throughput, §7.8, Glossary
Swampman, §8.3; see also Content externalism; Davidson, Donald
Swinburne, Richard, §5.1.4, §5.1.5, §6.1, §6.2.1, §6.8.3, §6.9.1, §6.9.2, §6.2.4, §6.10, §8.3.5, §8.8, §8.8.1, §8.8.5, §8.14.1, §8.14.4, Excursus E.1.5, Excursus E.1.7, Excursus E.4.1
Tao (Taoism), §8.14.5 (named once in the impersonae list within the discussion of Hick’s pluralism: Brahman, Tao, Nirvāṇa, śūnyatā). Valid as a single-locus index entry; a dedicated Taoist engagement remains a separate editorial decision.
Tarski, Alfred, §2.10.1 Three Distinct Logics: Tarski 1959 as a foundation of spatial/topological logic. §4.3.11 Mereological Nihilism: Tarski 1929 in the classical-mereology lineage.
Taylor, Charles, §8.8.1
Technology, §8.11, §8.11.1–§8.11.5
Tegmark, Max, §4.3.6 Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics; §4.3.7 Mathematical Universe Hypothesis; §4.3.9 Structural Realism. Tegmark’s mathematical-universe proposal is distinguished from the book’s shared-structure account.
Teleosemantics, §8.1.1, §8.10.5
Temporality, see Time, Glossary
Temporality (divine), see Tensity (divine)
Tensity (divine), §6.3.2
Terror management theory, §8.7.1, §8.7.4, §8.7.5
Theistic activism, §6.3.1, §6.7.1
Theistic realism, §8.14.1
Theodicy, §6.9.1
Theorems, see Glossary, Theorems
Theory of mind, §8.5, §8.5.1, §8.5.2, §8.5.3
Third-person, see First-person / Third-person
Thomasson, Amie, §4.1.8
Three Conceptions of God, §6.2.4, §6.10; see also Classical God; Embedded deity; Scriptural conception of God
Three Logical Strata, §2.10, §2.10.1–§2.10.3; see also Metalogical Position; Stratified Architecture
Three-Horn Dilemma, §6.10, Appendix B item 19, Glossary; see also God-Precluded; No Exit
Through w* Argument, §6.1, Appendix B item 16, Glossary; see also Bilateral Symmetry; w* (world-star)
Time, §1.3, §1.4, §2.5, §4.2, §7.2, §7.2.1–§7.2.5, Glossary Temporality
Token, §7.7, Appendix D, Glossary
Tomasello, Michael, §8.10.1, §8.10.4, §8.10.5, §8.11.4
Tooley, Michael, §4.2.5
Tragedy (aesthetics), §8.13; see also Sublime
Transcendental argument for God, §5.1.9
Transcript of denial, see Performative Self-Refutation
Transhumanism, §8.11.1; see also Posthumanism
Transition Closure, §2.1.6
Triconditional Cross-Entailment, §2.6.7, Appendix B item 8, Glossary Theorem 3
Triconditional Identity, §2.6, §2.6.10, §2.8.5, Appendix B item 11, Glossary Theorem 5
Trinity, §6.2.1, §6.8.2, §6.2.2
Triunity of Nature, §2.6.9, Glossary Named Results
Trolley problem, The trolley problem receives a sustained upstream-justice inversion in §9.13.
Tushnet, Mark, §9.1.4 What is Confirmed: Tushnet 2008, Weak Courts, Strong Rights, in the social-rights constitutionalization and enforcement literature. §9.13 Justice: Tushnet’s rights-enforcement work bears on the legal architecture connecting substantive rights to institutional remedies.
Twin Earth, §2.4.2 Structural Gap; §4.1.1 Rigid Designation. Putnam’s Twin Earth distinguishes descriptive role from natural-kind essence; used to test — and reject — a hidden-filler gap for structural roles.
Two-Dimensional Semantics, §4.1.2
Tye, Michael, Tye’s representational account of awareness is substantively engaged in the divine-awareness analysis (§6.4.1) and Feeling discussion (§8.2.1).
Type, §7.7, Appendix D, Glossary
Unity (divine), §6.2.2; see also Simplicity (divine)
Universal grammar, §8.10.1, §8.10.4, §8.10.5
Univocity of being, §6.8.3
Unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics, §4.3.6, §8.4.3
Unsatisfiable pair diagnosis (UPD), Shackel’s diagnosis that Benardete paradoxes encode jointly unsatisfiable conditions, so no causal-finitist metaphysical thesis follows; deployed at §5.1.2 with Schmid and Malpass’s non-causal variant.
Urgency, §8.2.3
Vacuity Argument, §3.2.5
Vacuum, §2.7, §7.4.4, §7.5.2, Glossary
van Hamme, Carlos, Van Hamme’s modal objection to a necessary personal God is substantively engaged in the Modal Ontological Argument analysis (§5.1.7).
van Inwagen, Peter, §3.2.4, §4.3.11, §4.4.9, §8.9.1, Excursus E.1.5
Van Til, Cornelius, Van Til’s presuppositionalist transcendental argument is substantively engaged in §5.1.9.
Varela, Francisco J., Varela’s autopoiesis is substantively engaged in the Life account (§7.8).
Via negativa, §5.2.2, §6.8.3, §8.14, §8.14.1, §8.14.5
Virtue epistemology, §8.3.1, §8.3.3
Virtue ethics, §8.12.1
Vitalism, §7.8, §7.8.1, §8.1, §8.1.1, §8.1.5
Volitional necessity, §8.9.1, §8.9.5
Vygotsky, Lev S., Vygotsky’s developmental account is substantively engaged in the Education discussion (§9.9).
w* (world-star), §6.1, Appendix B item 16, Glossary Key Concepts
Wajib al-wujud, §6.3.1
Walzer, Michael, Walzer’s just-war theory and spheres-of-justice framework are substantively engaged in §§9.11 and 9.2.1.
Way Argument, §3.2.5
Way–Possibility Convertibility, §3.2.5, §4.1.10, §5.2.1, Glossary
Weakness of will (akrasia), §8.9.1, §8.9.5
Weinandy, Thomas G., Weinandy’s defense of divine impassibility is substantively engaged in the Impassibility analysis (§6.3.4).
Whitehead, §4.2.4, §4.4.8, §5.3.3, §7.1, §7.4.2, §8.14.5
Whyte, Kyle Powys, Whyte’s Indigenous environmental philosophy is substantively engaged in the Environment dispute discussion (§9.5.1).
Wielenberg, Erik, §8.12.5
Will (first-person), §8.9, §8.9.1–§8.9.5; see also Knowledge (first-person)
Will (Schopenhauer), §3.4
Will register, §8.9
Williams, Bernard, §8.5.1, §8.7.1, Excursus E.2.3, Excursus E.3.4, Excursus E.5.1
Williamson, Timothy, §2.1.3, §2.1.4, §2.3, §2.9, §4.1.6, §4.1.10, §4.4, §4.4.6, §4.4.7, §8.3, §8.3.1, §8.3.3, Appendix A
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, §2.10.3, §4.1.9, §4.2.4, §8.10, §8.10.1, §8.10.2, §8.10.5
Wittgensteinian Quietism, §4.1.9
Wolf, Susan, §8.8.1, §8.8.3, §8.8.4, §8.8.5, §8.9.1
Wolterstorff, Nicholas, §5.2.1, §6.3.2, §6.7.2, §6.7.3, §6.8.2
Woodward, James, §4.1.4 Humean Contingency. James Woodward’s interventionist theory is used to press agent-side access to causal efficacy and regularity-establishing interventions.
Woodward, Richard, §4.4.4 Modal Fictionalism. Richard Woodward’s defense of modal fictionalism addresses the charge that the fiction is artificially constructed.
Word (divine), §6.8.3; see also Via negativa
Worrall, John, §4.3.9 Structural Realism. Worrall’s epistemic structural realism: what survives theory change is relational/mathematical structure rather than a specific ontology of objects.
Wright, Erik Olin, §9.7.1 Economy disputed. Erik Olin Wright’s structural-conflict tradition frames capital’s extraction as structural rather than a merely correctable policy flaw.
Wright, N. T., Wright’s resurrection argument is substantively engaged and answered in E.5.3 The Resurrection.
Wykstra, Stephen J., Wykstra’s skeptical-theist approach is substantively engaged in E.1.2 Skeptical Theism and §6.9.2.
Young, Iris Marion, Young’s structural-injustice account is substantively engaged in the Rights analysis (§9.1).
Zagzebski, Linda, §8.3 Knowledge. Linda Zagzebski’s virtue epistemology; intellectual virtues and foreknowledge issues used in the knowledge debate.
Zahavi, Dan, §8.5.1
Zehr, Howard, Zehr’s restorative-justice framework is substantively engaged in the Justice analysis (§9.13).
Zeno of Elea, §2.2.1 Change Is Actual. Zeno’s Dichotomy, Achilles, and Arrow paradoxes deny motion; answered by the performative actuality of succession.
Zeno’s paradoxes, §2.2.1
Zombie (philosophical), §7.8
Φ (Physicality), see Physicality; see also Substance
↔︎ / → (conditionals), Appendix A; see also Modal logic
∅ (absolute nothingness), §2.7, §2.7.1, §2.7.2, §3.2.6, Glossary: Null State (∅)
∧ / ∨ / ¬ (logical connectives), Appendix A
◇ / □ (modal operators), §2.1, §2.2, §2.4, Appendix A, Glossary